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With data rates many times higher than modern-day wireless communication systems, 5G will launch a whole host of new applications and services that will provide consumers with multimedia experiences never before made possible, including ultra-high definition 4K, 8K, and 3D video streaming. Very low latency and ultra-high reliable 5G networks will also enable new mission-critical applications such as traffic safety and control of critical infrastructure and industry processes that require much lower latency compared to modern-day mobile communication systems. Improvements in spectral efficiency from 1X to 3X will also be critical to serve the foreseen explosion of not just consumer electronics but also the many sensors, rendering devices, and actuators associated with the Internet of Things (IoT). Given the limited availability of spectrum and the projected massive number of IoT devices to come online, 5G networks will have to make far more efficient use of spectrum than that of wireless networks today.
Identified as a key candidate technology in achieving greater spectral efficiency is massive MIMO [2], [3], [4]. Massive MIMO or some times referred to as Large Scale MIMO, is a form of multi-user MIMO in which the number of antennas at the base station is much larger than the number of mobile stations per signaling resource. The large number of base station antennas relative to the number of mobile stations results in a channel response that is quasi-orthogonal and has the potential to yield huge gains in spectral efficiency. Such conditions would enable many more devices to be served with the same frequency and time resources within a given cell compared to modern-day 4G systems. Figure 2 below shows a comparison of a typical 4G MIMO cell to that of a 5G massive MIMO cell that is equipped with many more base station antennas [5]. The 5G massive MIMO base station equipped with many more antennas would be able to serve far more devices as envisioned by the 5G IoT use case and others.
Although the achievements of the universities have taken massive MIMO one step closer to reality by proving that huge gains in spectral efficiency are indeed attainable in not just computer-based simulations but also in real-world, over-the-air trails, there is still much to be done and many more problems to be solved before commercial massive MIMO networks are rolled out. A few outstanding problems still yet to be solved include the following:
In addition to improving the development process of real-time wireless communication application code for heterogeneous hardware targets, LabVIEW Communications also simplifies the process of integrating the application code with the surrounding hardware, ensuring both software and hardware work seamlessly together. For hardware-related operations that are critical to the performance of MIMO systems, such as the synchronized triggering of multiple RF channels or RF calibration to support channel reciprocity as in the case of massive MIMO, LabVIEW Communications also provides extensive software APIs for numerous hardware tasks related to timing and synchronization, control of RF circuits, the streaming of data across processing targets, and many more. Moreover, as NI develops both the hardware and software for the MIMO Prototyping System, as opposed to other systems that combine hardware from different vendors, hardware and software integration can be performed reliably and consistently, ensuring that the entire system behaves predictably as expected each and every time.
An evaluation version of the MIMO Application Framework is available for download at the following website . Take a tour of the intuitive user interface and browse through the Host and FPGA source code to learn more about the advanced real time software architecture that makes massive MIMO possible.
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